This study analyzes the evolution of the Colombian National Army's military strategy against Criminal Gangs and Organized Criminal Groups (OCG), emphasizing its impact on the security of the civilian population and the guarantee of human rights. Through a qualitative approach, with an exploratory-descriptive methodology and documentary analysis, we examine the doctrinal, normative and operational changes implemented after the demobilization of paramilitary structures. The results show a transformation in military doctrine towards an inter institutional approach, adapted to organized crime scenarios. However, there are still legal and ethical gaps that make it difficult to differentiate between armed conflict and organized crime, affecting the effectiveness of operations and the protection of civilians. It is concluded that it is urgent to consolidate a clear normative framework and strengthen human rights training in order to improve the State's response to this growing threat.Este estudio analiza la evolución de la estrategia militar del Ejército Nacional de Colombia frente a las Bandas Criminales y Grupos Delincuenciales Organizados (GDO), enfatizando su impacto en la seguridad de la población civil y la protección de los derechos humanos. A través de un enfoque cualitativo, con metodología exploratoria-descriptiva y análisis documental, se examinan los cambios doctrinales, normativos y operacionales implementados tras la desmovilización de estructuras paramilitares. Los resultados evidencian una transformación en la doctrina militar hacia un enfoque interinstitucional, adaptado a escenarios de crimen organizado. Sin embargo, persisten vacíos jurídicos y éticos que dificultan la diferenciación entre conflicto armado y criminalidad organizada, afectando la efectividad de las operaciones y la protección de los civiles. Es imperativo consolidar un marco normativo claro y fortalecer la formación en derechos humanos, con el fin de mejorar la respuesta del Estado ante esta amenaza creciente. This study analyzes the evolution of the Colombian National Army's military strategy against Criminal Gangs and Organized Criminal Groups (OCG), emphasizing its impact on the security of the civilian population and the guarantee of human rights. Through a qualitative approach, with an exploratory-descriptive methodology and documentary analysis, we examine the doctrinal, normative and operational changes implemented after the demobilization of paramilitary structures. The results show a transformation in military doctrine towards an inter institutional approach, adapted to organized crime scenarios. However, there are still legal and ethical gaps that make it difficult to differentiate between armed conflict and organized crime, affecting the effectiveness of operations and the protection of civilians. It is concluded that it is urgent to consolidate a clear normative framework and strengthen human rights training in order to improve the State's response to this growing threat.