Los efectos de la desinformación en redes sociales sobre la polarización social y los procesos de reconciliación en Colombia (2016-2023)

Abstract

Since the signing of the Peace Agreement in 2016, Colombia has undergone a complex post-conflict period marked by profound sociopolitical and communicative transformations. Within this context, disinformation on social media has emerged as a disruptive phenomenon that significantly shapes public perception regarding peace processes, armed actors, and reconciliation mechanisms. This article analyzes the effects of digital disinformation on social polarization and national reconciliation processes in Colombia from 2016 to 2023. A qualitative methodology is employed, based on documentary and content analysis, using purposive sampling of academic sources, institutional reports, and materials verified by fact-checking platforms. The study identifies the main types and mechanisms of disinformation circulation, explores their relationship with key sociopolitical events, and examines how they affect public perception and the legitimacy of reconciliation processes. Findings reveal that disinformation not only amplifies ideological and emotional divisions, but also hinders the building of consensus, the reconstruction of historical memory, and the legitimacy of transitional justice institutions. The article concludes that addressing this phenomenon comprehensively is essential to strengthen social trust and the development of a democratic and inclusive culture in Colombia’s post-agreement context.